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Superconductividad en materiales con predominio de hidrógeno: silano.

M I Eremets¹, I A Trojan, S A Medvedev

¹Max Planck Institute für Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany. eremets@mpch-mainz.mpg.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 15, 2008

Resumen

Los investigadores lograron la metalización del silano a 50 gigapascales (GPa), un paso significativo hacia la comprensión del hidrógeno metálico. Este metal silano se convirtió en superconductor a 17 kelvin, ofreciendo una visión de las aleaciones ricas en hidrógeno.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Física de las altas presiones Física de las altas presiones

Sus antecedentes:

La metalización directa del hidrógeno requiere presiones extremas (>400 GPa), actualmente más allá del alcance experimental.
Los hidruros del grupo IVa son candidatos prometedores para el estudio de la metalización debido al hidrógeno precomprimido.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la metalización y la superconductividad del silano (SiH4) bajo alta presión.
Explorar el potencial de las aleaciones ricas en hidrógeno como modelos para el hidrógeno metálico.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis a alta presión y caracterización del silano.
Medidas de resistividad eléctrica para detectar la metalización y la superconductividad.
Difracción de rayos X para determinar la estructura cristalina.

Principales resultados:

El silano se transforma de un aislante a un metal a 50 GPa.
La fase metálica exhibió una estructura hexagonal muy compacta.
Se observó superconductividad a una temperatura de transición de 17 kelvin a 96 y 120 GPa.
Se formó una red de conducción tridimensional de hidrógeno atómico.

Conclusiones:

La metalización experimental del silano a presiones accesibles es factible.
Los hallazgos apoyan el uso de aleaciones ricas en hidrógeno para modelar el hidrógeno metálico.
Silane sirve como un sistema viable para estudiar los fenómenos de alta presión y la superconductividad en hidrógeno denso.