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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task
12:10

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Published on: March 4, 2022

¿Las respuestas anormales muestran un sesgo utilitario?

Guy Kahane1, Nicholas Shackel

  • 1Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1PT, UK.

Nature
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Resumen

El daño de la corteza ventromedial-prefrontal (VMPC) puede no causar juicios morales utilitarios. Los problemas metodológicos con los escenarios morales desafían los hallazgos anteriores sobre los pacientes de VMPC y el sesgo utilitario.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Psicología Moral Psicología moral.
  • Neurociencia cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La investigación en neurociencia explora cada vez más juicios morales utilitarios y no utilitarios.
  • Estudios previos sugirieron que los pacientes con daño de la corteza ventromedial-prefrontal (VMPC) exhiben un razonamiento moral utilitario.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar críticamente la metodología utilizada en los estudios que examinan el juicio moral en pacientes de VMPC.
  • Reevaluar las afirmaciones de un sesgo utilitario en individuos con daño de VMPC.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los escenarios de juicio moral utilizados en los estudios de imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI).
  • Comparación de las respuestas de sujetos normales y sujetos con daño de VMPC.

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

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Principales resultados:

  • Muchos escenarios morales empleados no presentan un conflicto claro entre los resultados utilitarios y el deber.
  • Esta limitación metodológica plantea dudas sobre la validez de las conclusiones anteriores.

Conclusiones:

  • La afirmación de que los pacientes de VMPC tienen un "sesgo utilitario" es prematura debido a fallas en el diseño experimental.
  • Se necesita más investigación con escenarios morales refinados para evaluar con precisión el papel de VMPC en la toma de decisiones morales.