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Ciencia y tecnología para la purificación del agua en las próximas décadas
Mark A Shannon1, Paul W Bohn, Menachem Elimelech
1NSF STC WaterCAMPWS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. mshannon@uiuc.edu
Nature
|March 21, 2008
Resumen
Los problemas mundiales de escasez de agua y saneamiento exigen soluciones innovadoras. La investigación se centra en la purificación de agua rentable y energéticamente eficiente, la reutilización de las aguas residuales y la desalinización para garantizar el acceso a agua limpia en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Gestión de los recursos hídricos Gestión de los recursos hídricos
- Ingeniería Química Ingeniería Química.
Sus antecedentes:
- El acceso inadecuado al agua potable y al saneamiento es un problema global generalizado.
- Se prevé que la escasez de agua empeore, afectando incluso a las regiones históricamente ricas en agua.
- Los métodos actuales de tratamiento de agua a menudo requieren alta energía, costo y uso de productos químicos, con consecuencias ambientales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la ciencia y la tecnología emergentes para la purificación y descontaminación del agua.
- Para explorar los avances en el aumento del suministro de agua a través de la reutilización de las aguas residuales y la desalinización.
- Para resaltar los métodos que son rentables, energéticamente eficientes y ambientalmente sostenibles.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica actual y los desarrollos tecnológicos en el tratamiento de aguas.
- Análisis de enfoques innovadores para la desinfección y descontaminación del agua.
- Examen de estrategias para la recuperación de aguas residuales y la desalinización de agua salada.
Principales resultados:
- Desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de purificación de agua con requisitos químicos y energéticos reducidos.
- Avances en la reutilización segura de las aguas residuales para aplicaciones potables y no potables.
- Mejora de la eficiencia en los procesos de desalinización de agua de mar y agua salobre.
Conclusiones:
- Se está logrando un progreso científico y tecnológico significativo en la purificación y el suministro de agua.
- Estas innovaciones ofrecen soluciones prometedoras a los desafíos globales del agua.
- La investigación adicional es crucial para la implementación generalizada de estrategias de gestión sostenible del agua.
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