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Diversificación metabólica: ensamblaje independiente de grupos de genes similares a los operones en diferentes

Ben Field¹, Anne E Osbourn

¹Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 22, 2008

Resumen

Los genomas de las plantas presentan grupos de genes similares a los operones para la síntesis de triterpenos, ensamblados a través de la evolución de los genes de las plantas, no de la transferencia bacteriana. Esto sugiere que la selección impulsa el agrupamiento de genes en las vías metabólicas de las plantas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología molecular vegetal Biología molecular vegetal
La genómica es la genómica.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los operones, grupos de genes funcionalmente relacionados, son comunes en los procariotas.
Las vías de síntesis de los triterpenos son procesos metabólicos cruciales para las plantas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la presencia y el origen de grupos de genes similares a operones en la planta Arabidopsis thaliana involucrada en la síntesis de triterpenos.
Para entender los mecanismos evolutivos detrás de la formación de estos grupos de genes de plantas.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los patrones de expresión génica en Arabidopsis thaliana.
Genómica comparativa para estudiar el ensamblaje de grupos de genes y la evolución a través de linajes de plantas.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó un grupo de genes parecido a un operón en la Arabidopsis thaliana responsable de la vía del talianol (síntesis de triterpenos).
Se ha demostrado la coexpresión de genes agrupados, similar a los operones bacterianos.
Se demostró que este grupo evolucionó a través de mecanismos específicos de las plantas como la duplicación genética y la neofuncionalización, no la transferencia horizontal de genes.
Se observó un ensamblaje independiente y reciente de grupos similares similares a los operones en Arabidopsis y avena.

Conclusiones:

Los genomas de las plantas pueden evolucionar estructuras similares a los operones para las vías metabólicas como la síntesis de triterpenos.
El agrupamiento de genes en las plantas es impulsado por presiones de selección evolutiva, utilizando mecanismos genéticos específicos de la planta.
Este fenómeno de evolución convergente de grupos de genes pone de relieve las estrategias adaptativas en el metabolismo de las plantas.

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