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Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...

Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

Bacterial Transcription

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

Termination of Translation

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...

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Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

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Terminación de la transcripción: sacando todas las paradas.

Jack F Greenblatt¹

¹Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1. jack.greenblatt@utoronto.ca

|March 25, 2008

Resumen

Los investigadores utilizaron trampas ópticas para estudiar cómo la ARN polimerasa de E. coli termina la transcripción. Los hallazgos sugieren que la polimerasa utiliza la hipertranslocación o el corte de ARN: ADN para desestabilizar la burbuja de transcripción en terminadores específicos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

La terminación de la transcripción es crucial para la regulación génica.
La comprensión de los mecanismos de la ARN polimerasa (RNAP) es clave para controlar la expresión génica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el mecanismo de terminación de E. coli RNAP en los terminadores intrínsecos.
Para aclarar el papel de las fuerzas físicas en la terminación de la transcripción.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó trampas ópticas para aplicar fuerza a la plantilla de ADN o a la transcripción de ARN.
Analizó el comportamiento de RNAP durante la terminación de la transcripción en respuesta a las fuerzas aplicadas.

Principales resultados:

Se demostró que el RNAP emplea estrategias distintas basadas en la secuencia del terminador.
Identificó la hipertranslocación y el corte de ARN:ADN como mecanismos clave de desestabilización.
Mostró el vínculo directo entre las fuerzas mecánicas y la eficiencia de terminación.

Conclusiones:

RNAP utiliza estrategias mecánicas dependientes del contexto para la terminación.
La hipertranslocación y el corte de ARN: ADN son críticos para desestabilizar el híbrido ARN: ADN.
Este estudio proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la base física de la terminación de la transcripción.