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Plasticidad dendrítica compartimentada y almacenamiento de características de entrada en las neuronas
Attila Losonczy1, Judit K Makara, Jeffrey C Magee
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA. losonczya@janelia.hhmi.org
Nature
|March 28, 2008
Resumen
El almacenamiento de información del sistema nervioso central puede implicar más que plasticidad sináptica. Los investigadores descubrieron una nueva forma de plasticidad en las neuronas de la rata,
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- La neurociencia celular es la neurociencia celular.
- La plasticidad sináptica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El almacenamiento de información en el sistema nervioso central se atribuye tradicionalmente a la plasticidad sináptica.
- También se proponen mecanismos alternativos, como cambios en la excitabilidad de la membrana.
- Los picos dendríticos locales son eventos de tensión no lineales en las dendritas, que actúan como detectores de características.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la existencia y los mecanismos de la plasticidad local del pico dendrítico.
- Para determinar si los cambios en la excitabilidad dendrítica pueden almacenar información distinta de la plasticidad sináptica.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron neuronas piramidal CA1 del hipocampo de la rata.
- Se ha investigado la regulación dependiente del receptor de N-metil-d-aspartato (NMDAR) de los canales de potasio Kv4.2.
- Se examinaron modificaciones específicas de la rama en el acoplamiento entre las espinas dendríticas y el soma.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha demostrado la plasticidad específica de las ramas de los picos dendríticos locales en las neuronas del hipocampo de la rata.
- Se demostró que esta plasticidad está mediada por la regulación dependiente de NMDAR de los canales de potasio Kv4.2.
- Identificó la "potenciación de la fuerza de la rama" como un nuevo mecanismo de almacenamiento de información.
Conclusiones:
- La plasticidad local del pico dendrítico ofrece un nuevo mecanismo para el almacenamiento de información en el cerebro.
- Este mecanismo, "potenciación de la fuerza de la rama", almacena las características de correlación espacio-temporal de la entrada sináptica.
- Se distingue mecánicamente de los cambios de eficacia sináptica tradicionales.
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