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Los receptores olfativos de los insectos son canales iónicos heteroméricos ligand-gated
Koji Sato1, Maurizio Pellegrino, Takao Nakagawa
1Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
Nature
|April 15, 2008
Resumen
Los receptores olfativos (OR) de los insectos forman nuevos canales catiónicos activados por ligandos, distintos de los receptores de los vertebrados. Este descubrimiento revela un mecanismo único para la detección y respuesta al olor de los insectos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología Sensorial Biología Sensorial
Sus antecedentes:
- Las neuronas sensoriales olfativas de los insectos utilizan receptores olfativos (ORs) y un co-receptor Or83b conservado.
- Las OR funcionales de insectos forman complejos heteroméricos con estequiometría desconocida.
- Los OR de insectos poseen una topología única de siete transmembranas, que difiere de los receptores acoplados a la proteína G de los vertebrados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las propiedades funcionales de insectos heteroméricos o complejos OR.
- Para determinar si las OR de insectos funcionan como canales iónicos.
- Para dilucidar el mecanismo de transducción de señales de olor en insectos.
Principales métodos:
- Expresión heteróloga de complejos OR de insectos (mariposa de la seda, mosca de la fruta, mosquito) en líneas celulares.
- Medición de la afluencia de iones (Ca2+) y de la conductividad de iones tras la estimulación de un olor.
- Grabaciones de pinza de parche (fuera hacia afuera) de oocitos de Xenopus y células HEK293T que expresan.
Principales resultados:
- Los complejos OR heteroméricos exhiben un influjo extracelular de Ca2+ y una conductancia catiónica no selectiva cuando son estimulados por los odorantes.
- Las corrientes evocadas por el olorante son independientes de las vías de segundo mensajero acopladas a la proteína G.
- La cinética de respuesta rápida y la selectividad K + dependiente de la subunidad OR sugieren que el propio complejo OR-Or83b forma el canal.
Conclusiones:
- Los OR de insectos representan una nueva clase de canales catiónicos no selectivos activados por ligandos.
- El complejo OR-Or83b forma directamente un canal iónico con puerta de olor.
- Este mecanismo proporciona una estrategia única para que los insectos perciban su entorno olfativo.
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