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Prevalencia, patogénesis y causas de la tos crónica
1Experimental Studies, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. f.chung@imperial.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|April 22, 2008
Resumen
La tos crónica, que dura más de 8 semanas, se debe a varias causas como el tabaquismo, la contaminación y enfermedades subyacentes. El tratamiento efectivo implica abordar la causa raíz y desensibilizar las vías de la tos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de las vías respiratorias.
- Ciencias Clínicas Ciencia Clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La tos es un reflejo vital de las vías respiratorias; sin embargo, la tos crónica (>8 semanas) es un problema común en la comunidad.
- Las causas van desde factores ambientales (fumar, contaminación) hasta enfermedades específicas como el asma, la EPOC y la ERGE.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para esbozar las causas multifactoriales de la tos crónica.
- Hacer hincapié en la importancia de un diagnóstico preciso para una gestión eficaz.
- Para explorar los mecanismos neuroplásticos que subyacen a la tos persistente.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las causas comunes y raras de la tos crónica.
- Discusión de los enfoques de diagnóstico para la tos persistente.
- Exploración de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, incluida la neuroplasticidad y la inflamación de las vías respiratorias.
Principales resultados:
- La tos crónica está relacionada con el tabaquismo, la contaminación y afecciones como el asma, la EPOC y la ERGE.
- La tos idiopática ocurre cuando no se identifica la causa.
- Se observa una mayor sensibilidad a los desencadenantes de la tos (agentes tóxicos) y cambios neuroplásticos en las vías de la tos.
Conclusiones:
- El manejo eficaz de la tos crónica requiere identificar y tratar la enfermedad subyacente.
- La desensibilización de las vías de tos hipersensibles es crucial para el control de los síntomas.
- Los cambios estructurales e inflamatorios en las vías respiratorias pueden contribuir o resultar de la tos crónica.
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