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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract
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La vida sin la RNasa P.

Lennart Randau1, Imke Schröder, Dieter Söll

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA.

Nature
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Resumen

El arqueón Nanoarchaeum equitans carece de ribonucleasa P (RNasa P), esencial para la maduración del ARN de transferencia (ARNt). En su lugar, utiliza colocaciones únicas de promotores de genes de ARNt para producir ARNt sin líder, evitando la necesidad de RNasa P.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La ribonucleasa P (RNasa P) es una enzima ribonucleoproteínica universalmente conservada crucial para la maduración del extremo 5' del ARN de transferencia (ARNt).
  • El arqueón Nanoarchaeum equitans presenta una anomalía, ya que los análisis genómicos y bioquímicos estándar no pudieron identificar una enzima RNase P funcional.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el mecanismo de maduración del tRNA 5' en Nanoarchaeum equitans en ausencia de una RNasa P. canónica.
  • Para entender cómo este organismo logra el procesamiento de tRNA a pesar de la aparente pérdida de una enzima universal.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis computacional del genoma de Nanoarchaeum equitans.
  • Análisis bioquímicos utilizando extractos de células.

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  • Análisis de las estructuras terminales y precursoras del tRNA 5'.
  • Verificación de la aminoacilación de los tRNAs procesados.

    • Principales resultados:

    • El genoma de Nanoarchaeum equitans carece de genes identificados de RNase P.
    • Las posiciones conservadas del promotor del gen tRNA permiten la síntesis de tRNA sin líder.
    • Se identificaron especies maduras de tRNA con terminaciones de 5' trifosfato, lo que indica un procesamiento independiente de la RNasa P.
    • La iniciación de la transcripción del tRNA requiere una purina, y los tRNA con una citocina 5' exhiben terminaciones 5' extendidas con una purina extra.
    • Estos tRNA modificados son sustratos funcionales para las aminoacil-tRNA sintetasas.

    Conclusiones:

    • Nanoarchaeum equitans ha desarrollado una estrategia alternativa para la maduración del tRNA 5', eludiendo la necesidad de RNase P.
    • El reordenamiento genómico de los genes de ARNt y los elementos promotores permite la producción de ARNt funcionales y sin líder.
    • Esta adaptación pone de relieve la capacidad de la naturaleza para superar la pérdida de antiguas enzimas esenciales bajo presiones evolutivas como la condensación del genoma.