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Los antagonistas no peptídicos de la arginina y la vasopresina: los vaptans
Guy Decaux1, Alain Soupart, Gilbert Vassart
1Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. guy.decaux@skynet.be
Lancet (London, England)
|May 13, 2008
Resumen
Los vaptanos son nuevos antagonistas de los receptores de la vasopresina dirigidos a los receptores V1a, V1b y V2. Estos medicamentos son prometedores para el tratamiento de enfermedades como la hiponatremia, trastornos psiquiátricos y problemas vasculares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología y Farmacología.
- Investigación de los receptores acoplados a proteínas G.
Sus antecedentes:
- La arginina-vasopresina es crucial para la homeostasis circulatoria y del agua.
- Los receptores de vasopresina (V1a, V1b, V2) forman parte de la familia de receptores acoplados a la proteína G.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el desarrollo y el potencial terapéutico de los antagonistas de los receptores de vasopresina (vaptans).
- Para resaltar las acciones selectivas y no selectivas de diferentes vaptans.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los datos farmacológicos sobre los vaptans.
- Análisis de las aplicaciones clínicas de los antagonistas selectivos y no selectivos de los receptores de la vasopresina.
Principales resultados:
- Los antagonistas selectivos de V1a (por ejemplo, relcovaptan) muestran potencial en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Raynaud, la dismenorrea y la tocolisis.
- Los antagonistas selectivos de V1b (por ejemplo, SSR-149415) pueden beneficiar a los trastornos psiquiátricos.
- Los antagonistas de V2 (por ejemplo, tolvaptan) tratan eficazmente la hiponatremia al inducir la diuresis hipotónica.
- Los antagonistas no selectivos de V1a/V2 (por ejemplo, conivaptan) están aprobados para el tratamiento de la hiponatremia.
Conclusiones:
- Los vaptanos representan un avance significativo en la orientación de los subtipos de los receptores de la vasopresina.
- Diferentes vaptans ofrecen estrategias terapéuticas específicas para diversas condiciones médicas.
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