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¿Lógico o lineal? Intuiciones distintas de la escala numérica en las culturas indígenas occidentales y amazónicas
Stanislas Dehaene1, Véronique Izard, Elizabeth Spelke
1INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 31, 2008
Resumen
El mapeo del espacio numérico es una intuición humana universal, inicialmente logarítmica, no una invención cultural. La educación formal da forma a esto en una línea numérica lineal, como se ve en los adultos occidentales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología cognitiva psicología cognitiva.
- Los estudios interculturales son estudios de las diferentes culturas.
- Psicología del desarrollo psicología del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- El mapeo del espacio numérico es crucial para la comprensión matemática.
- Se debate el origen de las asignaciones de espacio numérico (cultural vs. universal).
- Los grupos indígenas amazónicos ofrecen perspectivas únicas debido a la reducción de la educación formal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la universalidad de las asignaciones del espacio numérico.
- Para determinar si el mapeo del espacio numérico es una intuición innata o una construcción cultural.
- Para comparar los mapeos del espacio numérico en una población occidental educada y un grupo indígena sin educación.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió mapas de espacio numérico en los Mundurucu, un grupo indígena amazónico.
- Comparó las asignaciones de Mundurucu a través de grupos de edad con los adultos occidentales.
- Utilizó presentaciones numéricas tanto simbólicas como no simbólicas.
- Condiciones manipuladas para desalentar el conteo en adultos occidentales.
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes de Mundurucu de todas las edades mapearon consistentemente números (simbólicos y no simbólicos) en una escala logarítmica.
- Los adultos occidentales emplearon el mapeo lineal para números pequeños / simbólicos, pero el mapeo logarítmico para números no simbólicos cuando se desalentó el conteo.
- La línea numérica lineal parece ser una representación culturalmente adquirida.
Conclusiones:
- El mapeo del espacio numérico es una intuición cognitiva universal, inicialmente logarítmica.
- La línea numérica lineal es probablemente una invención cultural, dependiente de la educación formal.
- La cognición numérica temprana puede ser inherentemente logarítmica, con la linealidad emergiendo a través de la educación.
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