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La alta impulsividad predice el cambio al consumo compulsivo de cocaína.

David Belin¹, Adam C Mar, Jeffrey W Dalley

¹Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. bdb26@cam.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 7, 2008

Resumen

La alta impulsividad, no la búsqueda de novedades, predice comportamientos similares a la adicción en ratas. Esto sugiere un cambio de impulsividad a compulsividad durante el desarrollo de la adicción a las drogas, ofreciendo información sobre sus causas y mecanismos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Investigación de adicciones Investigación de adicciones.

Sus antecedentes:

La impulsividad y la búsqueda de novedades están vinculadas a la propensión al consumo de drogas.
Su papel en la búsqueda compulsiva de drogas, característica de la adicción, sigue sin estar claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los distintos roles de la impulsividad y la búsqueda de novedades en el desarrollo de conductas similares a las adicciones.
Para determinar si estos rasgos predicen el uso inicial de drogas frente al consumo compulsivo de drogas.

Principales métodos:

Se evaluó la búsqueda de novedades y la impulsividad de las ratas.
La autoadministración de cocaína se inició y se mantuvo bajo diversas condiciones.
Se evaluaron comportamientos similares a la adicción, incluido el consumo compulsivo de drogas a pesar de las consecuencias negativas.

Principales resultados:

La alta reactividad a la novedad predijo la propensión inicial a la autoadministración de cocaína.
La alta impulsividad predijo el desarrollo de conductas similares a la adicción, caracterizadas por el consumo compulsivo de drogas.
La evidencia sugiere una transición del uso impulsivo a compulsivo de drogas durante la progresión de la adicción.

Conclusiones:

La impulsividad, más que la búsqueda de novedades, es un predictor clave de la búsqueda compulsiva de drogas y la adicción.
Un cambio de impulsividad a compulsividad es una característica crítica en el desarrollo de la adicción a las drogas.
Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los fundamentos neurobiológicos de la vulnerabilidad y el mantenimiento de la adicción.