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Los respiraderos volcánicos de dióxido de carbono muestran los efectos del ecosistema de la acidificación de los
Jason M Hall-Spencer1, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Sophie Martin
1Marine Institute, Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. jhall-spencer@plymouth.ac.uk
Nature
|June 10, 2008
Resumen
La acidificación de los océanos debido al aumento del dióxido de carbono (CO2) perjudica a la vida marina. Los estudios muestran una reducción de corales, erizos marinos y algas coralinas en aguas acidificadas, con algas invasoras que potencialmente pueden prosperar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los niveles de dióxido de carbono atmosférico (CO2) están aumentando, lo que lleva a un aumento de la acidez de los océanos.
- La acidificación de los océanos representa una amenaza significativa para los ecosistemas marinos, pero la investigación es limitada.
- Los estudios previos sobre los efectos de la acidificación de los océanos fueron en su mayoría in vitro y a corto plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos a escala de ecosistemas de la acidificación de los océanos en las comunidades bentónicas.
- Para validar las predicciones de la susceptibilidad del organismo a niveles elevados de CO2 en un entorno natural.
- Comprender cómo pueden cambiar los ecosistemas marinos poco profundos bajo futuros escenarios de acidificación de los océanos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió ecosistemas bentónicos en sitios costeros poco profundos con fuentes de CO2 volcánicas naturales.
- La comunidad analizada se desplaza a lo largo de gradientes de pH naturales de 8.1-8.2 a 7.4-7.5.5.
- Cambios observados en la abundancia de organismos, incluidas las especies calcáreas, los erizos de mar y el pasto marino.
Principales resultados:
- Las comunidades de la costa rocosa cambiaron de organismos calcáreos abundantes a los que carecen de corales.
- Se observaron reducciones significativas en la abundancia de erizos marinos y algas coralinas.
- La producción de pasto marino fue más alta en áreas de bajo pH, donde las conchas de gasterópodos se disolvieron.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio proporciona la primera validación a escala de ecosistema del impacto de la acidificación de los océanos en los organismos marinos clave.
- La acidificación de los océanos puede favorecer a las especies resistentes y las algas invasoras, alterando la estructura de la comunidad.
- Las comunidades marinas poco profundas pueden sufrir cambios significativos a medida que disminuyen las especies susceptibles.
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