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Las políticas diseñadas para ciudadanos egoístas pueden socavar "los sentimientos morales": evidencia de experimentos
1Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. samuel.bowles@gmail.com
Resumen
Los incentivos económicos pueden ser contraproducentes al socavar los valores morales y promover el interés propio. Las políticas efectivas deben equilibrar los intereses materiales con los sentimientos morales para el beneficio de la sociedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
- Psicología Moral Psicología moral.
- Políticas públicas y políticas públicas.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las organizaciones y las economías se basan tanto en el interés propio como en los sentimientos morales.
- Las políticas públicas pueden aprovechar el interés propio para el bien colectivo.
- Los incentivos pueden fracasar si entran en conflicto con los valores morales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar experimentos conductuales sobre el impacto de los incentivos económicos.
- Comprender cómo los incentivos pueden ser contraproducentes.
- Explorar cómo diseñar políticas que alineen el interés propio con los valores morales.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los experimentos de comportamiento.
- Análisis del diseño de incentivos y sus efectos psicológicos.
- Examen de los principios de diseño organizacional e institucional.
Principales resultados:
- Los incentivos económicos pueden ser contraproducentes al señalar el egoísmo.
- Los incentivos pueden erosionar la motivación intrínseca y la autodeterminación.
- Los incentivos pueden transmitir desconfianza, falta de respeto e injusticia.
- La gente valora la dignidad, la autonomía y la moralidad junto con el beneficio económico.
Conclusiones:
- La política cuidadosa y el diseño organizativo son cruciales.
- Los incentivos deben aprovechar el interés propio sin socavar los sentimientos morales.
- La integración de los intereses materiales con los valores morales logra las metas sociales.
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