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Interferencias electromagnéticas de identificación por radiofrecuencia que inducen incidentes potencialmente
Remko van der Togt1, Erik Jan van Lieshout, Reinout Hensbroek
1Spatial Information Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
JAMA
|June 26, 2008
Resumen
Los sistemas de identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFID) pueden causar interferencias electromagnéticas (EMI) en los dispositivos médicos de cuidados intensivos. Este estudio encontró que la RFID puede inducir incidentes peligrosos, lo que requiere pruebas de EMI en el sitio antes de la implementación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Biomédica Ingeniería Biomédica.
- La seguridad de los dispositivos médicos.
- El electromagnetismo es el campo electromagnético.
Sus antecedentes:
- La identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFID) ofrece beneficios potenciales para la seguridad del paciente y la gestión del equipo médico en el cuidado de la salud.
- Sin embargo, el riesgo de interferencia electromagnética (EMI) de los sistemas RFID en dispositivos médicos no ha sido documentado previamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar y clasificar sistemáticamente los incidentes de EMI causados por sistemas RFID en equipos médicos de cuidados intensivos.
- Evaluar las implicaciones de seguridad de la tecnología RFID en la proximidad de dispositivos médicos esenciales.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo experimentos controlados para evaluar la EMI de los sistemas RFID activos de 125 kHz y pasivos de 868 MHz en 41 dispositivos médicos de 17 categorías.
- Utilizó un protocolo de prueba internacional y clasificó los incidentes de EMI utilizando una escala de eventos adversos de cuidados críticos (peligroso, significativo, ligero).
- Realizó 123 pruebas de EMI en un entorno no clínico en el Centro Médico Académico de la Universidad de Ámsterdam.
Principales resultados:
- Los sistemas RFID indujeron 34 incidentes de EMI en 123 pruebas, de los cuales 22 fueron clasificados como peligrosos.
- La señal RFID pasiva de 868 MHz causó significativamente más incidentes de EMI (63%) en comparación con la señal activa de 125 kHz (20%).
- Los EMI ocurrieron a distancias de hasta 600 cm, con una distancia mediana de 30 cm para todos los incidentes.
Conclusiones:
- La tecnología RFID puede inducir EMI potencialmente peligrosos en dispositivos médicos dentro de un entorno controlado.
- La implementación de RFID en centros de cuidados intensivos requiere rigurosas pruebas de EMI in situ.
- Los estándares internacionales para el uso de RFID en entornos de atención médica deben actualizarse para abordar los riesgos de EMI.
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