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Volcanismo explosivo en la cresta Gakkel de extensión ultra lenta, en el Océano Ártico
Robert A Sohn1, Claire Willis, Susan Humphris
1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. rsohn@whoi.edu
Nature
|June 27, 2008
Resumen
Erupciones volcánicas explosivas, que antes se creían imposibles en aguas profundas, han sido descubiertas en la cresta de Gakkel. Se encontraron depósitos piroclásticos en más de 10 km2 a 4.000 m de profundidad, lo que desafía las suposiciones anteriores sobre la fragmentación del magma.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza oceánica cubre el 60% de la superficie de la Tierra, formada por el vulcanismo de la cresta oceánica media.
- Las erupciones explosivas se consideran raras por debajo de los 3.000 m debido a la alta presión hidrostática y el bajo contenido de magma volátil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el terreno volcánico en la cresta Gakkel de extensión ultra lenta utilizando tecnología avanzada de sumersión profunda.
- Documentar evidencia de actividad volcánica a profundidades por debajo del punto crítico del agua de mar.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó nuevas tecnologías de inmersión profunda para imágenes fotográficas y de video de la cresta Gakkel.
- Ha estudiado el terreno volcánico de "edad cero" a aproximadamente 4.000 m de profundidad de agua en la cuenca del Ártico.
Principales resultados:
- Se descubrieron extensos depósitos piroclásticos no consolidados, incluidos fragmentos de paredes de burbujas, que cubren más de 10 km2 del valle axial.
- Identificó la necesidad de al menos un 13,5 wt% de CO2 para la fragmentación del magma a estas profundidades, significativamente más alto que los valores medidos anteriormente.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad piroclástica a gran escala es posible en las partes más profundas de los sistemas volcánicos de la cresta oceánica media.
- Los hallazgos desafían la creencia de larga data de que el vulcanismo explosivo está ausente a profundidades inferiores a 3.000 m.
- Plantea preguntas sobre la acumulación volátil y los mecanismos de descarga en las crestas de extensión ultra lenta.
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