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La nucleación anticrack como mecanismo desencadenante de las avalanchas de los trozos de nieve
Resumen
Las avalanchas de la losa de nieve comienzan con la falla de la capa débil. Sorprendentemente, la longitud crítica de la grieta no aumenta en pendientes más suaves debido al colapso de la capa, revelando nuevas condiciones de liberación de avalanchas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la nieve Ciencia de la nieve.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La investigación de las avalanchas es una investigación de avalanchas.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las avalanchas de la losa de nieve son iniciadas por la falla de cizallamiento en capas débiles de nieve.
- La teoría predice que la longitud crítica de las grietas aumenta con la disminución de la pendiente para la propagación de cizallamiento.
- Las observaciones experimentales contradicen esto, mostrando una longitud de grieta crítica constante o decreciente en pendientes más suaves.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la discrepancia entre las predicciones teóricas y las observaciones experimentales de la longitud crítica de las grietas en las avalanchas de los bloques de nieve.
- Explicar el mecanismo detrás de la longitud de grieta crítica constante o decreciente en pendientes más suaves.
- Para identificar las condiciones necesarias para la liberación de la avalancha de la losa.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos experimentales sobre grietas introducidas artificialmente en las capas de nieve.
- Modelado teórico de la mecánica de la fractura en la capa de nieve estratificada.
- Investigación de la propagación de grietas bajo diferentes ángulos de pendiente y propiedades de la nieve.
Principales resultados:
- La longitud de grieta crítica observada permanece constante o disminuye a medida que disminuye el ángulo de pendiente.
- El colapso volumétrico de la capa débil durante el fallo se identifica como el mecanismo clave.
- Este colapso conduce a la formación y propagación de anticracks de modo mixto.
Conclusiones:
- El fenómeno observado se explica por el colapso volumétrico y la propagación anticrack en modo mixto.
- La propagación anticrack puede ocurrir incluso con la fricción de la cara de la grieta que impide el deslizamiento.
- La liberación de avalanchas débiles puede requerir que se cumplan dos condiciones distintas: el colapso de la capa y la propagación de la fractura.
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