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Evidencia de estrechamiento arteriolar en niños de bajo peso al nacer
Paul Mitchell1, Gerald Liew, Elena Rochtchina
1Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. paul_mitchell@wmi.usyd.edu.au
Circulation
|July 16, 2008
Resumen
El pobre crecimiento in utero, indicado por un menor peso al nacer, está relacionado con arteriolas retinianas más estrechas en los niños. Este hallazgo sugiere que el crecimiento temprano afecta el desarrollo vascular, lo que podría influir en la salud cardiovascular futura.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud cardiovascular pediátrica y salud cardiovascular.
- Los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y la enfermedad (DOHaD)
Sus antecedentes:
- El riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular puede originarse durante el desarrollo fetal.
- El impacto del crecimiento in utero en la estructura microvascular infantil sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los marcadores de crecimiento in utero y el calibre microvascular retiniano en niños.
- Para probar la hipótesis de que el pobre crecimiento in utero conduce a arteriolas más estrechas, lo que podría explicar los vínculos con la hipertensión.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio basado en la población de 1369 niños de seis años de edad en Sydney, Australia.
- Calibres arteriolares y venulares de la retina medidos mediante un método asistido por computadora en fotografías digitalizadas de la retina.
- Peso al nacer, longitud y circunferencia de la cabeza obtenidos de los registros de los padres.
Principales resultados:
- El menor peso al nacer, la menor longitud al nacer y la circunferencia de la cabeza más pequeña se asociaron significativamente con un calibre arteriolar retiniano más estrecho.
- Cada kilogramo de disminución en el peso al nacer se correlacionó con una reducción de 2,3 mm en el calibre arteriolar, ajustando por múltiples factores.
- Se encontraron asociaciones similares para la longitud al nacer y la circunferencia de la cabeza con el calibre arteriolar.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños con un crecimiento más pobre en el útero presentan arteriolas retinianas más estrechas.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que el crecimiento adverso en el útero impacta negativamente en el desarrollo de la estructura microvascular.
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