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Actividad física moderada a vigorosa desde las edades de 9 a 15 años
Philip R Nader1, Robert H Bradley, Renate M Houts
1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0927, USA. pnader@ucsd.edu
JAMA
|July 18, 2008
Resumen
La actividad física infantil disminuye significativamente de los 9 a los 15 años. A los 15 años, los jóvenes realizan menos de una hora de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa (MVPA) al día, lo que pone de relieve una preocupación crítica de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencias del ejercicio Ciencia del ejercicio.
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad infantil es una preocupación creciente, fuertemente vinculada a la disminución de los niveles de actividad física.
- Las recomendaciones actuales recomiendan al menos 60 minutos de actividad física diaria de moderada a vigorosa (MVPA) para los jóvenes.
- Los datos longitudinales sobre los patrones recientes de actividad física en niños y adolescentes son limitados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los patrones y los factores que contribuyen a la actividad física moderada a vigorosa (AVMV) en los jóvenes.
- Para rastrear las tendencias de MVPA desde los 9 a los 15 años de edad en una cohorte de nacimiento representativa.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis descriptivo longitudinal de 1032 participantes del Estudio NICHD de la cohorte de nacimiento de cuidado infantil temprano y desarrollo juvenil.
- El MVPA determinado por acelerómetro se midió a las edades de 9, 11, 12 y 15 años.
- Los datos incluyeron información demográfica y monitoreo de la actividad diaria durante 4-7 días.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños recibieron en promedio aproximadamente 3 horas diarias de MVPA a los 9 años.
- Se observaron disminuciones significativas: 37 minutos/año en días laborables y 39 minutos/año en fines de semana.
- A los 15 años, el MVPA de los días laborables se redujo a 50 minutos y el MVPA de los fines de semana a 36 minutos.
- Los varones exhibieron un MVPA más alto que las niñas, pero la tasa de disminución fue similar para ambos sexos.
- Las niñas cayeron por debajo de 60 minutos de MVPA alrededor de los 13.2 años (días laborables) y 12.7 (fines de semana), mientras que los niños alcanzaron este umbral más tarde (14.9 y 13.6 años, respectivamente).
Conclusiones:
- Los niveles medidos de actividad física en los jóvenes disminuyen significativamente entre las edades de 9 y 15.
- Los adolescentes en la cohorte del estudio no cumplían con las pautas diarias recomendadas de MVPA a los 15 años.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones para promover la actividad física sostenida en niños y adolescentes.
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