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La experiencia de Maryland y una propuesta práctica para ampliar los modelos existentes en la atención primaria
W A Riley1, W A Schneckenburger
1Department of Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, MD 21204.
JAMA
|August 28, 1991
Resumen
El estado de Maryland es Maryland.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
- Política de la atención de la salud Política de salud.
- Modelos de Atención Primaria Modelos de Atención Primaria
Sus antecedentes:
- En Maryland existen dos modelos distintos de prestación de atención médica para las poblaciones sin seguro y con seguro insuficiente.
- Un modelo es una práctica de grupo de atención primaria con una exención de Medicare, que beneficia a pacientes y médicos.
- El segundo es un modelo financiero, un sistema de fijación de tarifas prospectiva de todos los pagadores para hospitales de pacientes internados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar los éxitos de dos modelos únicos de financiamiento y entrega de atención médica en Maryland.
- Proponer un modelo combinado que integre las fortalezas de ambos sistemas existentes.
- Crear una solución práctica y políticamente viable para el cuidado de la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de una práctica grupal, modelo de atención primaria con una exención ambulatoria de Medicare.
- Análisis de datos financieros de 13 años (1977-1989) de un sistema de fijación de tasas prospectivas para todos los pagadores.
- Discusión de los factores de éxito para cada modelo para informar una nueva propuesta.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo de atención primaria tuvo un impacto positivo en pacientes y médicos.
- El sistema de "todo pagador" ahorró a los ciudadanos de Maryland 5.361 mil millones de dólares entre 1977 y 1989.
- Los hospitales proporcionaron $ 1.657 mil millones en atención de caridad y deudas incobrables, ganando $ 517 millones en ganancias.
Conclusiones:
- El éxito de ambos modelos se atribuye a sus estructuras únicas.
- Se hace una propuesta para fusionar los mejores aspectos de ambos modelos.
- El modelo recomendado se basa en la atención primaria ambulatoria, financiada por un sistema de cargos prospectivos de todos los pagadores.
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