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Calendarios con exhibición de Olimpiadas y predicción de eclipses en el Mecanismo de Antikythera
Tony Freeth1, Alexander Jones, John M Steele
1Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, 3 Tyrwhitt Crescent, Roath Park, Cardiff CF23 5QP, UK. tony@images-first.com
Nature
|August 1, 2008
Resumen
Nuevos hallazgos revelan el mecanismo de Antikythera.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Tecnología de la antigua Grecia.
- * La arqueoastronomía es la arqueoastronomía.
- * La historia de la ciencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- * El Mecanismo de Antikythera es un complejo dispositivo de engranajes de la antigua Grecia.
- * Sus diales posteriores incluyen un calendario metónico y un dial de predicción de eclipses de Saros.
- * Las investigaciones anteriores no habían identificado los nombres de los meses ni comprendido completamente las funciones del dial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Para identificar nombres de meses previamente desconocidos en el calendario metónico.
- * Reevaluar la función del dial subsidiario superior.
- * Para refinar la comprensión del dial de predicción de eclipses de Saros y sus glifos.
Principales métodos:
- * Análisis detallado de las inscripciones y glifos en las esferas traseras del Mecanismo de Antikythera.
- * Estudio comparativo con los antiguos calendarios griegos y los ciclos astronómicos.
- * Reconstrucción y modelado de las funciones del dial basado en nuevas evidencias.
Principales resultados:
- * Identificación de 12 nombres de meses de origen corintio en el calendario metónico.
- * Demostración de la regulación de días excluidos por mes, explicando el dial metónico de cinco vueltas.
- * Reclasificación de la esfera superior como una esfera de ciclo de la Olimpiada, no Callippic.
- * Comprensión refinada de los cuatro giros de la esfera de Saros y los glifos de predicción de eclipses.
Conclusiones:
- * El Mecanismo de Anticitera incorpora los sistemas de calendario corintio y el ciclo de las Olimpiadas.
- * Nuevos conocimientos explican la estructura y función de las esferas Metonic y Saros.
- * El Mecanismo integra ciclos celestiales con ciclos institucionales humanos como la Olimpiada.
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