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Origen evolutivo y desarrollo de los colmillos de serpiente.
Freek J Vonk1, Jeroen F Admiraal, Kate Jackson
1Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Kaiserstraat 63, PO Box 9516, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Nature
|August 1, 2008
Resumen
Los colmillos de las serpientes, ya sean delanteros o traseros, probablemente comparten un origen evolutivo común. Un cambio en el desarrollo permitió que los dientes posteriores evolucionaran independientemente, lo que contribuyó a la diversidad de las serpientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo evolutivo Biología del desarrollo evolutivo
- La anatomía comparada es una anatomía comparada.
- Herpetología herpetología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las serpientes avanzadas poseen colmillos, dientes especializados vinculados a las glándulas venenosas, cruciales para la depredación y la defensa.
- Los colmillos se clasifican como frontales (por ejemplo, cobras, víboras) o traseros (por ejemplo, serpientes de hierba) en la mandíbula superior.
- Un debate clave en la evolución de las serpientes se refiere al origen evolutivo y de desarrollo compartido de los colmillos delanteros y traseros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos y de desarrollo de los colmillos delanteros y traseros de las serpientes.
- Para determinar si los colmillos delanteros y traseros son estructuras homólogas.
- Proponer un nuevo modelo para la evolución de los colmillos de serpiente basado en conocimientos sobre el desarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Examinó el epitelio formador de dientes en la mandíbula superior de 96 embriones de serpientes de ocho especies.
- Utilizó el gen sonic hedgehog como marcador de desarrollo.
- Desarrollo de colmillos reconstruido en 41 embriones utilizando técnicas de imagen 3D.
Principales resultados:
- Los colmillos frontales se originan en la mandíbula superior posterior, exhibiendo similitudes de desarrollo con los colmillos traseros, lo que sugiere homología.
- En las serpientes con colmillos frontales, los procesos de desarrollo desplazan los colmillos de su origen posterior a una posición adulta anterior.
- Los colmillos traseros se desarrollan a partir de una lámina dental posterior independiente, conservando su ubicación posterior.
Conclusiones:
- Los colmillos delanteros y traseros son probablemente homólogos, originados en una fuente de desarrollo posterior común.
- Un desacoplamiento del desarrollo de una región posterior formadora de dientes facilitó la evolución independiente y la modificación de los colmillos.
- Esta innovación en el desarrollo puede haber impulsado la significativa radiación y diversidad de las serpientes avanzadas.
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