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Trastornos por deficiencia de yodo trastornos por deficiencia de yodo
Michael B Zimmermann1, Pieter L Jooste, Chandrakant S Pandav
1Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 5, 2008
Resumen
La deficiencia de yodo afecta a 2 mil millones de personas en todo el mundo, causando deterioro mental prevenible. La iodización de la sal es una solución rentable, pero los esfuerzos internacionales se están desacelerando, lo que plantea desafíos para la salud mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
- Salud Global La salud global.
Sus antecedentes:
- La deficiencia de yodo afecta a 2 mil millones de personas en todo el mundo, particularmente en el sur de Asia y el África subsahariana.
- Los trastornos por deficiencia de yodo (TDI) son el resultado de una producción inadecuada de hormonas tiroideas, lo que lleva a efectos adversos en el crecimiento y el desarrollo.
- IDD es la principal causa de deterioro mental prevenible en todo el mundo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir el impacto global de la deficiencia de yodo.
- Revisar los métodos de evaluación de la deficiencia de yodo.
- Discutir estrategias para controlar la deficiencia de yodo y los desafíos asociados.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los datos mundiales de ingesta de yodo.
- Resumen de los métodos de evaluación establecidos: concentración de yodo en orina, bocio, hormona estimulante de la tiroides en recién nacidos y tiroglobulina en sangre.
- Análisis de la iodización de la sal como estrategia de intervención primaria.
Principales resultados:
- La iodización de la sal es la estrategia más rentable para controlar la deficiencia de yodo en la mayoría de los países.
- Los suplementos de yodo son una alternativa para los grupos susceptibles cuando la iodización de la sal no es factible.
- Si bien la introducción de sal yodada puede aumentar transitoriamente los trastornos de la tiroides, los riesgos del exceso de yodo son mínimos en comparación con los riesgos sustanciales de la deficiencia.
Conclusiones:
- La iodización de la sal sigue siendo la piedra angular de los esfuerzos mundiales para combatir los trastornos por deficiencia de yodo.
- Las iniciativas internacionales para controlar el IDD se están desacelerando, lo que dificulta el progreso para llegar a las poblaciones con deficiencia.
- Abordar los desafíos restantes de la deficiencia de yodo requiere un compromiso global renovado e intervenciones estratégicas.
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