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El igualitarismo en los niños pequeños.

Ernst Fehr1, Helen Bernhard, Bettina Rockenbach

  • 1University of Zurich, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. efehr@iew.uzh.ch

Nature
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Resumen

Los niños desarrollan aversión a la desigualdad entre las edades de 3 y 8, pasando de un comportamiento egoísta a preferir una distribución justa de los recursos. Este igualitarismo emergente también está moldeado por el favoritismo dentro del grupo (paroquialismo).

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
  • La neurociencia social es la neurociencia social.
  • La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La interacción social humana depende de las preferencias respecto a los demás, algo crucial para la cooperación a gran escala.
  • La comprensión de los orígenes del desarrollo de estas preferencias, particularmente en la primera infancia, sigue siendo limitada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la trayectoria de desarrollo de las preferencias respecto a otros en niños pequeños.
  • Examinar el surgimiento y la forma de la aversión a la desigualdad entre las edades de 3 y 8.
  • Explorar la influencia del paroquialismo en las preferencias sociales de los niños.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio longitudinal que rastrea el comportamiento de los niños en diferentes grupos de edad.
  • Tareas experimentales que evalúan la asignación de recursos y las preferencias de equidad.
  • Análisis de la interacción entre la aversión a la desigualdad y la afiliación grupal.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niños pequeños (3-4 años) exhiben predominantemente un comportamiento egoísta.
  • Los niños mayores (7-8 años) muestran un aumento significativo en la aversión a la desigualdad, prefiriendo distribuciones más justas.
  • La aversión a la desigualdad está fuertemente influenciada por el paroquialismo, favoreciendo a los miembros del grupo.

Conclusiones:

  • El igualitarismo y el paroquialismo tienen profundas raíces de desarrollo en la primera infancia.
  • El desarrollo simultáneo del intercambio altruista y el paroquialismo se alinea con las teorías evolutivas.
  • El desarrollo infantil proporciona una visión crítica de la evolución de la sociabilidad humana.