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Señales de advertencia multimodal para un mundo de depredadores múltiples.

John M Ratcliffe1, Marie L Nydam

  • 1Center for Sound Communication, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. jmr@biology.sdu.dk

Nature
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las polillas tigre desarrollan señales de advertencia basadas en la actividad de los depredadores. Sus señales visuales y acústicas varían con las presiones de depredación de aves y murciélagos, adaptándose a diferentes estaciones y momentos del día.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El aposematismo, una defensa contra los depredadores, se basa en que los depredadores asocian las señales de las presas con la falta de rentabilidad.
  • La efectividad de las señales multimodal puede diferir en función de los sistemas sensoriales de los depredadores, pero el impacto de múltiples clases de depredadores en la evolución de la señal es poco estudiado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar cómo múltiples clases de depredadores influyen en la evolución de las señales de advertencia en las polillas tigre.
  • Para determinar si las señales de advertencia de la polilla tigre varían con las capacidades sensoriales y los patrones de actividad de diferentes depredadores.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó una filogenia molecular a nivel comunitario para generar contrastes filogenéticamente independientes.
  • Analizó la evolución de la señal de advertencia en las polillas tigre en relación con los patrones de actividad estacional y diaria de las aves y los murciélagos.

Principales resultados:

  • Las señales de advertencia de la polilla tigre, incluida la coloración y los clics ultrasónicos, varían según la actividad de las aves y los murciélagos.
  • Las especies activas durante el día en primavera eran visualmente visibles, mientras que las que surgían más tarde o eran activas nocturnamente producían clics ultrasónicos o eran visualmente crípticas.

Conclusiones:

  • Las presiones selectivas de múltiples clases de depredadores juegan roles distintos en la configuración de las pantallas de advertencia multimodal.
  • Las señales acústicas de advertencia en las polillas tigre pueden evolucionar más fácilmente que la coloración conspicua debido a menos desafíos teóricos.