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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Apoptosis01:30

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Caspases01:24

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
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El escote de Caspase no es para todos.

Carrie E Johnson1, Sally Kornbluth

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cell
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Resumen

Una nueva investigación identifica cientos de sustratos de caspasa previamente desconocidos durante la apoptosis. Estos sustratos generan fragmentos de polipéptidos con nuevas funciones potenciales, avanzando nuestra comprensión de la muerte celular programada.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología molecular La biología molecular.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La apoptosis, o muerte celular programada, implica que las caspasas se separen de los sustratos celulares.
  • Esta escisión facilita la descomposición y el envasado de la célula para su extracción.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para identificar nuevos sustratos de caspasa durante la apoptosis.
  • Para investigar el potencial funcional de los fragmentos de polipéptido resultantes.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó nuevos enfoques proteómicos para identificar los sitios de escisión de la caspasa.
  • Se analizaron los sustratos celulares procesados durante la apoptosis.

Principales resultados:

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  • Identificó cientos de sustratos de caspasa no reconocidos anteriormente.
  • Descubrió que muchos sustratos producen fragmentos de polipéptidos con nuevas funciones potenciales.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio amplía el repertorio conocido de sustratos de caspasa.
  • Los fragmentos recientemente identificados pueden poseer actividades biológicas no caracterizadas, lo que ofrece nuevas vías para la investigación de la muerte celular y la señalización.