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Relajación postsísmica a lo largo de la falla de San Andrés en Parkfield a partir de continuas observaciones
F Brenguier1, M Campillo, C Hadziioannou
1Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) and CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 15252 Paris, France. fbrengui@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 13, 2008
Resumen
Los grandes terremotos alteran las propiedades de la corteza a lo largo de la zona de falla de San Andrés, causando cambios en la velocidad sísmica y temblores no volcánicos. Estos efectos persisten durante años, lo que indica perturbaciones a largo plazo de la zona de fallas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los grandes terremotos pueden alterar significativamente las propiedades físicas de las zonas de falla.
- Comprender estas perturbaciones es crucial para la evaluación del peligro sísmico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los efectos a largo plazo de los grandes terremotos en las propiedades de la corteza en la zona de falla de San Andrés.
- Para correlacionar los cambios de velocidad sísmica con la actividad de temblores no volcánicos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los cambios de velocidad sísmica utilizando correlaciones de ruido sísmico ambiental.
- Monitoreo de la actividad de temblores no volcánicos.
- Comparación con el Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) de los datos obtenidos después del deslizamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Los terremotos de 2003 en San Simeon y 2004 en Parkfield redujeron las velocidades sísmicas.
- Se observó un aumento de la actividad de temblores no volcánicos a lo largo de la falla de San Andrés después del terremoto.
- Las reducciones de velocidad y la actividad de temblores se mantuvieron elevadas durante más de 3 años después del terremoto de Parkfield, disminuyendo con el tiempo.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios en la velocidad sísmica están relacionados con daños cosísmicos poco profundos y cambios/relajación de estrés profundo.
- La actividad de temblores no volcánicos es un indicador sensible de los procesos postsísmicos en las zonas de falla.
- Los terremotos inducen modificaciones duraderas en las propiedades mecánicas de la zona de falla de San Andrés.
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