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Participación comunitaria: lecciones para la salud materna, neonatal y infantil
Mikey Rosato1, Glenn Laverack, Lisa Howard Grabman
1Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 16, 2008
Resumen
La participación de la comunidad es vital para el éxito de la atención primaria de salud, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Su integración es crucial para mejorar los resultados de salud materna e infantil y lograr los objetivos mundiales de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Política de salud Política de salud
- Salud de la Comunidad Salud de la Comunidad
Sus antecedentes:
- La atención primaria de salud (PHC) se estableció como una política de salud global en 1978.
- La Declaración de Alma-Ata hizo hincapié en la participación de la comunidad como un principio básico de PHC.
- Los servicios de salud materna e infantil en los países en desarrollo a menudo ocurren dentro de las comunidades, lo que requiere la participación de la comunidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la esencialidad de la participación de la comunidad en la atención primaria de salud.
- Para determinar si la participación de la comunidad es un requisito previo para mejores resultados de salud o un elemento complementario.
- Evaluar el papel de la participación de la comunidad en el logro de la salud materna e infantil de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM).
Principales métodos:
- El estudio revisa los principios de la Declaración de Alma-Ata con respecto a la participación de la comunidad.
- Analiza la importancia de la participación de la comunidad en la atención prenatal, el parto y el cuidado postnatal en los países en desarrollo.
- La investigación explora si la participación de la comunidad es una estrategia de transición o una necesidad continua para el fortalecimiento del sistema de salud.
Principales resultados:
- La participación de la comunidad se destaca como un derecho y deber fundamental en la planificación y implementación de la atención médica.
- La efectividad de las estrategias de CPS está vinculada al grado de autosuficiencia y participación de la comunidad.
- La falta de integración de la participación de la comunidad puede obstaculizar el progreso hacia la reducción de la mortalidad materna e infantil (ODM 4 y 5).
Conclusiones:
- La participación de la comunidad se presenta no sólo como un acompañante, sino potencialmente un componente esencial de la atención primaria de salud eficaz.
- Su papel puede ser crítico, particularmente para las poblaciones marginadas, y su ausencia podría obstaculizar el logro de los objetivos mundiales de salud.
- Es posible que se necesite más investigación para dilucidar completamente el impacto de la participación sostenida de la comunidad en los resultados de salud a largo plazo.
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