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Atención primaria de salud: hacer de Alma-Ata una realidad
John Walley1, Joy E Lawn, Anne Tinker
1Nuffield Centre for Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 16, 2008
Resumen
La atención primaria de salud es crucial para lograr la equidad mundial en salud. La revitalización de la atención primaria de salud requiere el fortalecimiento de la infraestructura, la eliminación de las tarifas de los usuarios y la integración de los servicios para obtener mejores resultados de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.
- Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- El más grande, el más grande.
- Salud para todos.
- El objetivo sigue sin cumplirse, y es poco probable que se logren los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) en los países de bajos ingresos sin atención primaria de salud acelerada (APH).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer prioridades para la revitalización de la atención primaria de salud (PHC) para lograr los objetivos mundiales de salud.
- Abordar los factores que obstaculizan el progreso de la CPS, incluida la falta de prioridad política y los sistemas de salud inadecuados.
Principales métodos:
- Fortalecer la infraestructura de servicios de salud, incluidos los recursos humanos y los medicamentos esenciales.
- Eliminación de las tarifas de usuario para los servicios de atención primaria de salud para mejorar el acceso.
- Implementar paquetes integrados, basados en la evidencia, de atención curativa y preventiva comunitaria y primaria, adaptados y ampliados.
- Mejorar la participación de la comunidad y vincular a los trabajadores de salud comunitarios con las instalaciones de atención primaria.
- Promover la acción intersectorial para la salud y el desarrollo, abordando el agua, el saneamiento, la nutrición, la seguridad alimentaria y el control del VIH.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio describe una estrategia integral para la revitalización de la atención primaria de salud.
- Las recomendaciones clave incluyen el desarrollo de infraestructura, la eliminación de las tarifas de usuario y la prestación de servicios integrados.
- Se hace hincapié en el compromiso de la comunidad, la colaboración intersectorial y abordar una gama más amplia de problemas de salud, incluidas las enfermedades crónicas y la salud mental.
Conclusiones:
- La revitalización de la atención primaria de salud es esencial para lograr la equidad mundial en salud.
- Se necesita una aceleración sustancial de la CPS, respaldada por una infraestructura reforzada, la participación de la comunidad y la acción intersectorial.
- Abordar las brechas de investigación, medir el progreso y garantizar la rendición de cuentas son fundamentales para la implementación exitosa de PHC.
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