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Endotipización del asma: nuevos conocimientos sobre los mecanismos patógenos clave en una enfermedad compleja y
1Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 23, 2008
Resumen
Asma El asma es el asma.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Pulmonología Pulmonología.
- Genética La genética.
Sus antecedentes:
- La comprensión actual de la patogénesis del asma, atribuyéndola principalmente a la inflamación impulsada por la inmunidad del T-helper-2 (Th2), carece de datos de apoyo sólidos.
- Existen discrepancias significativas entre la inflamación, la remodelación de las vías respiratorias, el deterioro funcional y la gravedad de los síntomas en el asma clínica.
- La heterogeneidad de las presentaciones clínicas y endotipos de asma sigue siendo poco comprendida, lo que dificulta los avances terapéuticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desafiar la visión convencional Th2 centrada en el asma.
- Para resaltar las limitaciones de los modelos actuales de asma en la explicación de la heterogeneidad de la enfermedad.
- Explorar nuevas vías moleculares y celulares que contribuyen a distintos endotipos de asma.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos clínicos y hallazgos de modelos animales.
- Investigación de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares subyacentes a los endotipos de asma.
- Exploración de vías inmunológicas alternativas más allá de la dominación Th2.
Principales resultados:
- Los datos sugieren una correlación pobre entre la inflamación, el daño, el deterioro funcional y los síntomas en el asma.
- Identificación de las principales variantes de asma (endotipos) con distintos mecanismos subyacentes.
- La evidencia emergente apunta a nuevas vías, incluida la activación alternativa de los macrófagos, la inmunidad innata refractaria a los esteroides y el eje IL-17/Treg.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo tradicional de inflamación impulsada por Th2 explica inadecuadamente el asma clínica.
- Comprender los endotipos de asma es fundamental para avanzar en el manejo de la enfermedad.
- Las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas dirigidas a endotipos específicos, como las que involucran IL-18, IL-33 o coamplificación del EGFR, son prometedoras.
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