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Incidencia y factores de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular en los indios americanos: el estudio del corazón fuerte
Ying Zhang1, James M Galloway, Thomas K Welty
1Center for American Indian Health Research, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, USA. Ying-zhang4@ouhsc.edu
Circulation
|September 24, 2008
Resumen
Los indios americanos experimentan una mayor incidencia y tasa de mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular en comparación con otras poblaciones de los Estados Unidos. El control de la presión arterial, los niveles de glucosa y dejar de fumar son claves para la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular en este grupo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología cardiovascular.
- Investigación en salud pública.
- La salud de los indios americanos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen datos limitados sobre la incidencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares en los indios americanos.
- Este estudio aborda la necesidad de comprender la prevalencia del accidente cerebrovascular y los factores de riesgo en esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la incidencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares fatales y no fatales entre los indios americanos.
- Para identificar los factores de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular dentro de la población indígena americana.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional utilizando datos del Estudio del Corazón Fuerte (4549 participantes de 45 a 74 años de edad).
- Seguimiento longitudinal de enfermedades cardiovasculares y accidentes cerebrovasculares hasta diciembre de 2004.
- Análisis de las características basales y datos de accidentes cerebrovasculares incidentes.
Principales resultados:
- La incidencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares fue de 679 por cada 100.000 personas-año, más alta que en las poblaciones blancas y negras de Estados Unidos.
- Las tasas de mortalidad de 30 días y 1 año para el primer accidente cerebrovascular fueron del 18% y 32%, respectivamente.
- Los factores de riesgo identificados incluyen hipertensión, diabetes, tabaquismo, presión arterial elevada y niveles de glucosa.
Conclusiones:
- Los indios americanos exhiben una mayor incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular y tasa de fatalidad de casos en comparación con las poblaciones blancas y negras de los Estados Unidos.
- Las estrategias efectivas de prevención de accidentes cerebrovasculares pueden implicar la mejora de la presión arterial y el control de la glucosa, junto con el abandono del tabaquismo.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de las intervenciones de salud pública específicas para la reducción del riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular en los indios americanos.
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