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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Published on: October 25, 2016

Reconocimiento de antígenos por receptores de linfocitos variables.

Byung Woo Han1, Brantley R Herrin, Max D Cooper

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los vertebrados sin mandíbula utilizan receptores de linfocitos variables (VLR) para la inmunidad adaptativa. El análisis estructural revela cómo las VLR reconocen antígenos, como el antígeno H, a través de interacciones moleculares específicas y regiones variables.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología Inmunología.
  • Biología Estructural Biología estructural.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los vertebrados sin mandíbula poseen un sistema inmunológico adaptativo único que se basa en receptores linfocitos variables (VLR) en lugar de anticuerpos.
  • El vasto repertorio de VLR para el reconocimiento de antígenos se genera a través del ensamblaje combinatorio de segmentos de genes de repeticiones ricas en leucina (LRR).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para determinar la estructura cristalina de alta resolución de un complejo VLR-antígeno.
  • Aclarar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al reconocimiento y la especificidad del antígeno mediado por VLR.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó cristalografía de rayos X para determinar la estructura de VLR RBC36 en complejo con el trisacárido del antígeno H.
  • El análisis estructural se centró en la identificación de los principales residuos e interacciones responsables de la unión al antígeno.

Principales resultados:

  • La estructura cristalina de VLR RBC36 compleja con el trisacárido del antígeno H se resolvió a una resolución de 1,67 angstroms.
  • RBC36 se une al H-trisacárido en su superficie LRR cóncava, lo que implica residuos hidrófilos específicos, interacciones de van der Waals y un inserto LRR C-terminal variable.
  • El estudio identificó determinantes clave del reconocimiento y la especificidad del antígeno dentro de la estructura del VLR.

Conclusiones:

  • La superficie cóncava de las VLR, formada por regiones LRR altamente variables y un insert variable, es crucial para reconocer diversos antígenos.
  • Los conocimientos estructurales sobre las interacciones VLR-antígeno proporcionan una base molecular para la comprensión de la inmunidad adaptativa en los vertebrados sin mandíbula.