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Efectos del tabaquismo y el uso de combustibles sólidos en la EPOC, el cáncer de pulmón y la tuberculosis en China:
Hsien-Ho Lin1, Megan Murray, Ted Cohen
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 7, 2008
Resumen
Reducir el tabaquismo y el uso de combustibles sólidos en China puede disminuir significativamente las muertes por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y cáncer de pulmón. Estas intervenciones también juegan un papel crucial en el control de la incidencia de la tuberculosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), el cáncer de pulmón y la tuberculosis son las principales causas de mortalidad en China.
- Las altas prevalencias de tabaquismo y el uso de combustibles sólidos en el hogar contribuyen a estas cargas de enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para predecir el impacto de las tendencias de los factores de riesgo en la EPOC, el cáncer de pulmón y la tuberculosis en China.
- Para modelar la mortalidad futura y la incidencia de enfermedades basadas en el tabaquismo y el uso de combustibles sólidos escenarios.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos representativos para estimar las tendencias pasadas y los escenarios futuros para fumar y el uso de combustibles sólidos.
- Efectos etiológicos incorporados de metaanálisis y estudios chinos.
- Resultados modelados de la enfermedad considerando la acumulación de factores de riesgo y las dependencias de prevalencia de la enfermedad.
Principales resultados:
- Se proyectan 65 millones de muertes por EPOC y 18 millones de muertes por cáncer de pulmón para 2033 si persisten las tendencias actuales.
- Las muertes atribuibles al tabaquismo y al uso de combustibles sólidos: 82% para la EPOC, 75% para el cáncer de pulmón.
- La interrupción podría evitar millones de muertes y reducir significativamente la incidencia de la tuberculosis.
Conclusiones:
- Se pueden lograr reducciones sustanciales en la carga de la EPOC y el cáncer de pulmón mediante la disminución del tabaquismo y el uso de combustibles sólidos.
- Estas intervenciones son vitales para el control efectivo de la tuberculosis en China.
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