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La pérdida de la dilatación dependiente del endotelio mediada por el flujo ocurre temprano en el desarrollo de la
J M McLenachan1, J K Williams, R D Fish
1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Circulation
|September 1, 1991
Resumen
La aterosclerosis temprana perjudica la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio antes de un estrechamiento arterial significativo. Este estudio en monos muestra pérdida de dilatación a la acetilcolina y el flujo sanguíneo, lo que indica cambios funcionales tempranos en las arterias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular Investigación Cardiovascular
- Biología Vascular Biología Vascular
- Aterosclerosis fisiopatología fisiopatología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las arterias sanas se dilatan en respuesta a la acetilcolina y el flujo sanguíneo.
- La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias implica la pérdida de la dilatación arterial.
- El momento de la disfunción endotelial en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis no está claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la función vasodilatadora endotelial en la aterosclerosis temprana.
- Para determinar si las anomalías funcionales preceden a cambios arteriales significativos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió macacos Macaca fascicularis en una dieta alta en colesterol durante 11 meses.
- Evaluar la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio in vivo utilizando angiografía de contraste cuantitativa.
- Las respuestas medidas a la acetilcolina, el aumento del flujo sanguíneo (a través de la adenosina) y la nitroglicerina.
Principales resultados:
- La dieta alta en colesterol aumentó el colesterol plasmático y causó engrosamiento íntimo sin estrechamiento luminal.
- La acetilcolina causó constricción en las arterias ateroscleróticas tempranas, a diferencia de la dilatación en los controles.
- Las arterias ateroscleróticas no se dilataron con el aumento del flujo sanguíneo, mientras que los controles sí.
- Ambos grupos mostraron la misma dilatación a la nitroglicerina, un agente no dependiente del endotelio.
Conclusiones:
- La vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio se pierde temprano en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis.
- La pérdida funcional ocurre antes de que la enfermedad estenótica u oclusiva se haga evidente.
- Esto sugiere que la disfunción endotelial temprana es una característica clave de la aterosclerosis temprana.
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