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El sesgo contra los estudios negativos en los informes periodísticos de la investigación médica
JAMA
|October 2, 1991
Resumen
La cobertura de los periódicos favorece los resultados positivos de los estudios sobre los negativos, lo que indica un sesgo en contra de informar estudios sin hallazgos significativos. Esto tiene un impacto en la difusión de información de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Periodismo médico Periodismo médico
- Comunicación de salud pública Comunicación de salud pública.
- Reporte Científico El informe científico.
Sus antecedentes:
- La cobertura mediática de la investigación médica influye significativamente en la percepción pública y las decisiones de salud.
- Las observaciones anteriores sugieren un sesgo potencial en los informes, favoreciendo hallazgos sensacionales o positivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el sesgo potencial de los medios de comunicación contra los resultados negativos del estudio.
- Para comparar los informes periodísticos de un estudio positivo frente a un estudio negativo sobre la radiación y el riesgo de cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda en 7 bases de datos en línea de periódicos norteamericanos publicados después de un número específico de JAMA.
- Analizó 168 periódicos en busca de informes sobre dos estudios consecutivos (uno positivo, otro negativo) sobre radiación y cáncer.
- Evaluó la longitud y la calidad de los informes periodísticos sobre cada estudio.
Principales resultados:
- 17 periódicos publicaron 19 informes; 9 se centraron en el estudio positivo, 10 cubrieron ambos.
- Ningún informe se centró únicamente en el estudio negativo.
- Los informes sobre el estudio positivo fueron significativamente más largos y de mayor calidad que los del estudio negativo.
Conclusiones:
- Los informes periodísticos demuestran un sesgo que favorece los resultados positivos del estudio.
- Hay una tendencia a subreportar o devaluar los estudios con resultados nulos o negativos.
- Este sesgo puede distorsionar la comprensión pública de la evidencia científica, particularmente en la salud pública.
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