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Aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en China
Gonghuan Yang1, Lingzhi Kong, Wenhua Zhao
1Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2008
Resumen
China se enfrenta a un rápido aumento de las enfermedades crónicas debido a los cambios acelerados en el estilo de vida. Este cambio epidemiológico presenta importantes desafíos de salud pública, aumentando la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos de atención médica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Política de salud Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- China está experimentando una rápida transición epidemiológica de las enfermedades infecciosas a las crónicas.
- Los factores de estilo de vida como el cambio de dietas, la reducción de la actividad física y las altas tasas de tabaquismo están acelerando este cambio.
- Esta transición plantea riesgos sustanciales para la morbilidad y mortalidad prevenibles y el aumento de los costos de atención médica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la acelerada transición epidemiológica en China.
- Para resaltar el impacto de los cambios de comportamiento en la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas.
- Para discutir los desafíos para la reforma de la atención médica en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias epidemiológicas en China.
- Evaluación de los factores de riesgo conductuales, incluida la dieta, la actividad física y el tabaquismo.
- Revisión de los desafíos actuales de salud pública y las reformas del sistema de salud.
Principales resultados:
- Aumento significativo de las enfermedades crónicas, incluida la hipertensión (177 millones de adultos).
- Alta prevalencia del tabaquismo (303 millones de adultos, 1/3 de los fumadores globales) y exposición al humo pasivo (530 millones).
- El aumento de las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos y niños está relacionado con cambios en la dieta y la actividad.
Conclusiones:
- El rápido aumento de las enfermedades crónicas presenta un gran desafío para el sistema de salud de China.
- Se necesitan estrategias preventivas urgentes para mitigar la creciente carga de las enfermedades crónicas.
- Abordar los factores del estilo de vida es fundamental para gestionar los futuros resultados y costos de salud.
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