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Los recursos humanos de China para la salud: cantidad, calidad y distribución
Sudhir Anand1, Victoria Y Fan, Junhua Zhang
1Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Global Equity Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2008
Resumen
China China China China también.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Análisis de la fuerza laboral de salud Análisis de la fuerza laboral de salud.
- Política de la atención de la salud Política de salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La composición de la fuerza laboral de salud de China es única, con más médicos que enfermeras.
- Existen disparidades significativas en la distribución y el nivel educativo de los profesionales de la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la cantidad, calidad y distribución de la fuerza laboral de salud de China.
- Investigar las desigualdades entre condados y entre zonas urbanas y rurales en la distribución de los trabajadores de la salud.
- Examinar la relación entre la densidad de trabajadores de la salud y los resultados de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de la fuerza laboral de la salud (médicos y enfermeras) en términos de números, niveles de educación y distribución geográfica.
- Examen de las disparidades urbano-rurales y entre condados.
- Análisis de regresión para correlacionar la densidad de trabajadores de la salud con las tasas de mortalidad infantil utilizando datos del censo del 2000.
Principales resultados:
- En 2005, China tenía 1,9 millones de médicos y 1,4 millones de enfermeras, con los médicos superando en número a las enfermeras.
- Se observaron importantes disparidades urbanas-rurales en la densidad de médicos y enfermeras.
- La mayoría de los trabajadores de la salud tienen educación hasta el nivel universitario o secundario.
- Alta desigualdad en la distribución entre condados, principalmente dentro de las provincias.
- La densidad de trabajadores de la salud es un predictor significativo de la mortalidad infantil.
Conclusiones:
- China se enfrenta a desafíos en la distribución y calidad de la fuerza laboral de salud, con importantes desigualdades entre las zonas urbanas y rurales y entre los condados.
- La expansión de la educación médica ha llevado a un exceso de oferta de trabajadores de la salud en relación con la absorción.
- Abordar estas desigualdades es crucial para mejorar los resultados de salud en toda China.
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