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Published on: February 16, 2011
La globalización y la salud: la necesidad de una visión global
Ted Schrecker1, Ronald Labonté, Roberto De Vogli
1Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 11, 2008
Resumen
La globalización, definida económicamente, no reduce automáticamente las desigualdades en salud. En cambio, crea cuatro dinámicas que amplían las disparidades de salud, lo que requiere políticas específicas para la redistribución, la regulación y los derechos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La Comisión de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (CSDH) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud identifica la reducción de las desigualdades en salud como un imperativo ético.
- La evidencia de la Red de Conocimiento de la Globalización, que apoya al CSDH, informa este análisis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir la globalización en términos económicos y evaluar críticamente su impacto en las desigualdades de salud.
- Identificar los mecanismos a través de los cuales la globalización contemporánea exacerba las disparidades de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de evidencia multidisciplinaria de la Red de Conocimiento de la Globalización.
- Definición económica y análisis de la dinámica de la globalización.
- Revisión de los enfoques de políticas para la equidad en salud.
Principales resultados:
- La globalización, definida principalmente por factores económicos, no conduce inherentemente a mejores resultados de salud o a una reducción de las desigualdades.
- Se identificaron cuatro dinámicas desiguales clave de la globalización contemporánea: la reorganización global de la producción, los acuerdos comerciales vinculantes, la movilidad del capital financiero y las crisis de deuda.
- Las políticas genéricas para la equidad en salud se enmarcan en torno a la redistribución, la regulación y los derechos.
Conclusiones:
- La globalización contemporánea presenta importantes desafíos intelectuales e institucionales para reducir las desigualdades en salud.
- Se requieren estrategias proactivas y específicas para contrarrestar los efectos desiguales de la globalización en la salud.
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