Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
07:46
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
Ab initio determinación de las masas de hadrones ligeros
1John von Neumann-Institut für Computing, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen and Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 22, 2008
Resumen
Este estudio utilizó la cromodinámica cuántica de red para calcular las masas de protones y neutrones a partir de sus componentes fundamentales de quarks y gluones. Los resultados confirman cuantitativamente el modelo estándar de la física de partículas y coinciden con las observaciones experimentales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de las partículas Física de las partículas
- La cromodinámica cuántica es la cromodinámica cuántica.
- Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones Espectroscopia de Hadrones
Sus antecedentes:
- Los protones y los neutrones constituyen más del 99% de la masa del universo visible.
- La masa de estos hadrones excede significativamente la de sus quarks y gluones constituyentes.
- El modelo estándar de la física de partículas tiene como objetivo explicar esta diferencia de masa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para realizar un cálculo completo ab initio de las masas de protones, neutrones y hadrones ligeros.
- Para verificar las predicciones del Modelo Estándar con respecto a las masas de hadrones.
- Para lograr la confirmación cuantitativa con incertidumbres controladas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando la cromodinámica cuántica de red (Lattice QCD) para los cálculos.
- Extrapolando al punto físico usando masas piones hasta 190 MeV.
- Realizar una extrapolación continua con tres espaciados de celosía y grandes tamaños de celosía.
Principales resultados:
- Las masas calculadas de protones, neutrones y hadrones ligeros se alinean perfectamente con los datos experimentales.
- Esto representa una confirmación cuantitativa de la descripción del modelo estándar de la generación de masa de hadrones.
- Se lograron incertidumbres totalmente controladas en los cálculos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio calculó con éxito las masas de los hadrones a partir de los primeros principios utilizando el Lattice QCD.
- Los resultados proporcionan una fuerte evidencia cuantitativa que apoya el Modelo Estándar.
- Este trabajo valida el marco teórico para comprender el origen de la masa en la materia visible.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
03:37Subatomic Particles
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
01:19Thomson's e/m Experiment
In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...
01:25Calculation of First Law Quantities I
Thermodynamic systems undergoing phase transitions or temperature changes experience energy transfer in the form of heat (q) and work (w). For a reversible phase change at constant temperature (T) and pressure (p), the process involves no chemical reaction but results in energy exchange between distinct phases.The heat transferred during this process corresponds to the latent heat of transition, which is the amount of heat energy absorbed or released by a substance when it changes from one...
01:15High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)
The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
01:09Electron Behavior
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
01:52Atomic Mass
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...