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Principales gradientes en arqueas putativamente nitrificantes y no nitrificantes en las profundidades del Atlántico

Hélène Agogué¹, Maaike Brink, Julie Dinasquet

¹Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (Royal NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.

|November 28, 2008

Resumen

La mayoría de los Crenarchaeota de aguas profundas en el Atlántico Norte son oxidantes de amoníaco heterotróficos, no autotróficos. Su abundancia de genes de la amoniac monooxigenasa (amoA) disminuye con la profundidad y la latitud, lo que sugiere una oxidación limitada del amoníaco en la zona batipelágica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología marina microbiología marina.
Los ciclos biogeoquímicos oceánicos tienen sus ciclos biogeoquímicos.
Las arqueas son las arqueas.

Sus antecedentes:

La nitrificación aeróbica es crucial para el ciclo del nitrógeno oceánico, principalmente mediado por bacterias y recientemente reconocido Crenarchaeota.
Los genes de la amoniaco monooxigenasa (amoA) arqueal son frecuentes en los sistemas marinos, particularmente en las aguas superficiales y mesopelagicas.
Crenarchaeota son abundantes en aguas profundas (> 1.000 m) a pesar de las concentraciones extremadamente bajas de amoníaco.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el papel de Crenarchaeota en la oxidación del amoníaco en las profundidades del océano Atlántico Norte.
Para determinar la distribución y abundancia de los genes de amoA arqueal en relación con la profundidad y la latitud.
Evaluar si las Crenarchaeota batipelagicas funcionan como oxidantes autotróficos del amoníaco.

Principales métodos:

Análisis cuantitativo de la abundancia del gen AmoA en arqueas.
Medición de la abundancia de genes del ARN ribosomal 16S (ARNr) de las crénarqueas.
Evaluación de las tasas de fijación de dióxido de carbono oscuro en la zona batipelágica.

Principales resultados:

La abundancia del gen del amoA arqueal disminuyó significativamente con la profundidad (hasta 4.000 m) y de las regiones subpolares a las ecuatoriales en el Atlántico Norte.
Se observaron gradientes verticales y latitudinales pronunciados en la proporción de genes de ARNr 16S de amoA arqueal a crenarqueal.
Los bajos números de copias del gen amoA y las tasas mínimas de fijación de dióxido de carbono oscuro indican una oxidación autotrófica limitada del amoníaco en el Atlántico Norte batipelágico.

Conclusiones:

La mayoría de los bathipélagos Crenarchaeota en el Atlántico Norte probablemente no funcionan como oxidantes de amoníaco autótrofos.
Estos organismos son probablemente heterotróficos, que utilizan la materia orgánica en las profundidades del océano.
El estudio destaca la necesidad de reconsiderar los roles ecológicos de los Crenarchaeota de aguas profundas en el ciclo del nitrógeno marino.

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