Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
19:57
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
Precios, disponibilidad y asequibilidad de medicamentos en 36 países en desarrollo y de ingresos medios: un análisis
A Cameron1, M Ewen, D Ross-Degnan
1Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 2, 2008
Resumen
Los precios de los medicamentos son demasiado altos en muchos países, con recargos en el sector privado que aumentan significativamente los costos. La promoción de los medicamentos genéricos y la exploración de nuevas opciones de financiación son cruciales para mejorar el acceso y la asequibilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía de la salud economía de la salud.
- La política farmacéutica en el ámbito de la salud
- Salud global La salud global.
Sus antecedentes:
- La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y Health Action International (HAI) desarrollaron un método estandarizado para la encuesta de precios de medicamentos, disponibilidad y asequibilidad.
- Este estudio presenta un análisis secundario de la disponibilidad de medicamentos utilizando datos de 45 encuestas nacionales y subnacionales realizadas en 36 países.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar los precios de los medicamentos, la disponibilidad y la asequibilidad en los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- Evaluar la eficiencia de la adquisición y distribución de medicamentos.
- Identificar los factores que contribuyen a los altos precios de los pacientes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis secundario de 45 encuestas OMS/HAI de 36 países.
- Datos ajustados por inflación, deflación y paridad de poder adquisitivo.
- Precios de referencia internacionales para los productos genéricos utilizados como comparadores.
Principales resultados:
- La disponibilidad de medicamentos genéricos en el sector público varió según la región de la OMS (29,4% 54,4%).
- Los precios medios de las adquisiciones gubernamentales fueron de 1,11 veces los precios internacionales de referencia, con amplias variaciones en la eficiencia de las compras.
- Los precios del sector privado fueron de 9 a 25 veces los precios internacionales de referencia para los genéricos y más de 20 veces para los originales.
- Los recargos en el sector privado oscilaron entre el 2% y el 552%, y los tratamientos a menudo eran inasequibles.
Conclusiones:
- Los precios de los medicamentos en el sector público y privado exceden significativamente los niveles esperados debido a una compra y distribución ineficientes con recargos irrazonables.
- Las intervenciones políticas, incluida la promoción de medicamentos genéricos y financiamiento alternativo, son esenciales.
- El aumento de la disponibilidad de medicamentos, la reducción de los precios y la mejora de la asequibilidad son objetivos críticos de salud pública.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:01Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
01:09Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each indication due to...
01:11Secondary Healthcare System
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
01:29Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
01:12Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...