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Gran explosión de metano de tundra durante el inicio de la congelación

Mikhail Mastepanov¹, Charlotte Sigsgaard, Edward J Dlugokencky

¹GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden.

|December 5, 2008

Resumen

Las emisiones de metano de los humedales del Ártico aumentan significativamente durante la congelación del suelo, un fenómeno no reconocido previamente. Esta "explosión de congelación" es comparable a las emisiones de verano y ayuda a explicar los patrones de metano atmosférico en las altas latitudes del norte.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
Química de la atmósfera química de la atmósfera
La geofísica es la geofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los humedales terrestres son una fuente importante de metano atmosférico.
La contribución de los humedales de latitudes altas a las emisiones globales de metano no se entiende completamente.
Los patrones de metano observados en el Ártico, particularmente un aumento a finales del otoño, carecen de una clara atribución de la fuente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las emisiones de metano de un humedal ártico alto durante el período de congelación de otoño.
Para cuantificar la importancia de las emisiones de congelación en relación con las emisiones de la temporada de crecimiento.
Para mejorar la precisión de los modelos de metano atmosférico para las altas latitudes del norte.

Principales métodos:

Extender las mediciones de flujo de metano por hora hasta finales de otoño y principios de invierno.
Datos recopilados durante el inicio de la congelación del suelo en un entorno ártico alto.
Utilizó simulaciones de química atmosférica 3D y modelos de transporte.

Principales resultados:

Las emisiones de metano disminuyeron después de la temporada de crecimiento, pero aumentaron significativamente durante la congelación del suelo.
Se encontró que las emisiones del período de congelación eran aproximadamente equivalentes a las emisiones de toda la temporada de verano.
Las simulaciones de modelos que incorporan estas emisiones mejoraron la concordancia con los datos de metano atmosférico observados al norte de 60°N.

Conclusiones:

Las emisiones de metano asociadas al permafrost durante el período de congelación son un componente sustancial y previamente subestimado de la liberación de metano en el Ártico.
Estos hallazgos ayudan a explicar el hombro de metano de finales de otoño observado en altas latitudes del norte.
Reconocer las ráfagas de congelación es crucial para modelar con precisión los ciclos globales de metano y los impactos del cambio climático.

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