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La carga y las consecuencias del maltrato infantil en los países de altos ingresos
Ruth Gilbert1, Cathy Spatz Widom, Kevin Browne
1Centre for Evidence-Based Child Health and MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 6, 2008
Resumen
El maltrato infantil es un problema de salud pública generalizado que afecta a millones de niños anualmente. La intervención temprana y la prevención son cruciales debido a sus graves consecuencias de por vida en la salud física y mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Bienestar de la Infancia Bienestar de la Infancia
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El maltrato infantil es un importante problema de salud pública y bienestar social en las naciones de altos ingresos.
- Las tasas de prevalencia indican que el 4-16% de los niños experimentan abuso físico y el 10% abandono o abuso psicológico anualmente.
- El abuso sexual afecta al 5-10% de las niñas y hasta el 5% de los niños, con una exposición más amplia a cualquier abuso sexual que afecta a tres veces más.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar la carga sustancial de maltrato infantil.
- Para subrayar las consecuencias psicológicas y conductuales a largo plazo.
- Abogar por una mayor inversión en estrategias de prevención y tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Este resumen sintetiza los datos existentes sobre la prevalencia y el impacto del maltrato infantil.
- Revisa los efectos documentados a corto y largo plazo en la mortalidad infantil, la morbilidad y los comportamientos de los adultos.
- El análisis contrasta las estadísticas oficiales con la prevalencia real estimada.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas oficiales de maltrato infantil subestiman la verdadera carga por al menos un factor de diez.
- La exposición a malos tratos múltiples o repetidos aumenta los riesgos y la gravedad de las consecuencias.
- La negligencia es tan dañina como el abuso físico o sexual, pero recibe menos atención.
Conclusiones:
- El maltrato infantil tiene efectos graves y persistentes en la salud mental, el abuso de sustancias, los comportamientos de riesgo y la criminalidad en la edad adulta.
- El impacto a largo plazo de la negligencia es comparable al abuso físico o sexual, lo que requiere una mayor atención.
- Se necesita con urgencia una mayor inversión en estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas de la primera infancia.
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