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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Published on: February 1, 2019

Los transcriptomas antisentido de las células humanas.

Yiping He1, Bert Vogelstein, Victor E Velculescu

  • 1Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 6, 2008
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron una nueva técnica para identificar y cuantificar las transcripciones de ARN de cadenas específicas de ADN. Este método reveló transcripciones antisentido generalizadas en las células humanas, lo que sugiere un papel clave en la regulación de los genes.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells
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Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells
07:27

Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells

Published on: April 25, 2011

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Análisis de la expresión génica Análisis de la expresión génica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El análisis de transcripción de todo el genoma está establecido, pero distinguir los orígenes de la transcripción de ARN (sentido vs. antisenso) de las hebras de ADN es un desafío.
  • Comprender la relación entre las transcripciones sensoriales y antisensoriales es crucial para elucidar los mecanismos reguladores de los genes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y validar una nueva técnica para identificar la cadena de ADN de origen de las transcripciones de ARN.
  • Cuantificar globalmente las transcripciones sensoriales y antisensoriales de genes expresados en células humanas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se desarrolló una nueva técnica para determinar la hebra de ADN de origen para transcripciones individuales de ARN.
  • El método se aplicó para cuantificar globalmente las transcripciones de sentido y antisenso en cinco tipos de células humanas.

Principales resultados:

  • La técnica identificó con éxito la hebra de ADN de origen para las transcripciones de ARN.
  • La evidencia de transcripciones antisense se encontró en 2900 a 6400 genes humanos en todos los tipos de células examinadas.
  • La distribución de las transcripciones antisense era distinta de las transcripciones sensoriales, no aleatoria en todo el genoma y variada entre los tipos de células.

Conclusiones:

  • Las transcripciones antisense son una característica generalizada de las células humanas.
  • Las transcripciones antisense probablemente representan un componente fundamental de la regulación génica en los seres humanos.