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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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HMGA2, microARN y el envejecimiento de las células madre.

Scott M Hammond¹, Norman E Sharpless

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. hammond@med.unc.edu

|December 17, 2008

Resumen

El envejecimiento de los mamíferos está relacionado con la disminución de la función de las células madre. La proteína cromatina HMGA2 está asociada con el desarrollo, la altura y el envejecimiento de las células madre en ratones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología celular Biología celular.
Genética La genética.
Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.

Sus antecedentes:

El envejecimiento de los mamíferos implica una disminución en la función de las células madre somáticas y las células auto-renovables.
Investigaciones recientes sugieren una conexión entre la proteína HMGA2 asociada a la cromatina y varios procesos biológicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar el papel de HMGA2 en el envejecimiento y desarrollo de los mamíferos.
Investigar el vínculo entre HMGA2 y la función de las células madre durante etapas críticas del desarrollo.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de estudios recientes que relacionan HMGA2 con el desarrollo y el envejecimiento de las células madre.
Análisis de datos sobre el papel de HMGA2 en el desarrollo fetal tardío y la edad adulta temprana.

Principales resultados:

HMGA2 está implicado en el desarrollo de los mamíferos, influyendo en la altura.
Los estudios asocian HMGA2 con el envejecimiento de las células madre en ratones durante el desarrollo fetal tardío y la edad adulta temprana.

Conclusiones:

HMGA2 es una proteína clave involucrada en el desarrollo y envejecimiento de los mamíferos.
Una mayor investigación sobre HMGA2 podría proporcionar información sobre la función de las células madre y el deterioro relacionado con la edad.