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El índice de masa corporal y la actividad física vigorosa y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca entre los hombres
Satish Kenchaiah1, Howard D Sesso, J Michael Gaziano
1Physicians' Health Study, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. skenchaiah@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Circulation
|December 24, 2008
Resumen
El índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado aumenta el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), incluso en el rango de sobrepeso. La actividad física vigorosa, sin embargo, reduce significativamente el riesgo de HF en los hombres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2) es un factor de riesgo conocido para la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC).
- El impacto del sobrepeso (IMC de 25 a 29,9 kg/m2) y la actividad física en el riesgo de HF sigue siendo menos claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos independientes y combinados del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la actividad física vigorosa en la incidencia de insuficiencia cardíaca (IF).
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 21.094 hombres del Estudio de Salud de los Médicos (19822007).
- IMC evaluado de forma continua y categórica; actividad física vigorosa dicotomizada (activo vs. inactivo).
- Análisis multivariables utilizados para ajustar los factores de confusión y evaluar el riesgo de HF.
Principales resultados:
- Cada aumento de 1 kg/m2 en el IMC se asoció con un aumento del 11% en el riesgo de HF.
- Los hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad tenían un riesgo significativamente mayor de HF (49% y 180% de aumento, respectivamente) en comparación con los hombres delgados.
- La actividad física vigorosa se asoció con una reducción del 18% en el riesgo de HF; no se observó interacción entre el IMC y la actividad.
Conclusiones:
- El IMC elevado, incluido el rango de sobrepeso/preobesidad, está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca.
- La actividad física vigorosa demuestra un efecto protector contra la insuficiencia cardíaca.
- Las iniciativas de salud pública que promueven un peso saludable y la actividad física son cruciales para mitigar la incidencia de insuficiencia cardíaca.
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