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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...

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La polimerización por inserción del acrilato.

Damien Guironnet1, Philipp Roesle, Thomas Rünzi

  • 1University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 1, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron por primera vez múltiples inserciones de acrilato durante la copolimización de etileno y la homooligomerización de acrilato de metilo. Los complejos sustituidos por lábiles fueron clave para estos nuevos hallazgos de polimerización y conocimientos mecanicistas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de Polímeros La Química de Polímeros es la química de los polímeros.
  • Química organometálica Química orgánica de los metales.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La copolimerización del etileno es un proceso industrial significativo.
  • El control de la inserción de acrilato en las cadenas de polímeros sigue siendo un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para informar de la primera observación de múltiples inserciones de acrilato en la copolimización de etileno.
  • Para describir la homooligomerización de inserción del acrilato de metilo.
  • Para aclarar el papel mecanicista de los precursores de catalizadores.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó complejos sustituidos por lábiles como precursores de catalizadores.
  • Se ha investigado la copolimización del etileno con monómeros de acrilato.
  • Estudió la homooligomerización del acrilato de metilo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron múltiples inserciones de acrilato en la copolimización de etileno por primera vez.
  • Se logró la homooligomerización de inserción del acrilato de metilo.
  • Proporcionó conocimientos mecanicistas atribuidos a los precursores del catalizador.

Conclusiones:

  • Los complejos de sustitución lábil son cruciales para los nuevos comportamientos de polimerización del acrilato.
  • Estos hallazgos abren nuevas vías para el diseño de arquitecturas poliméricas avanzadas.