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La transferencia intergenérica de genes de toxinas mediada por las fagas
1Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 3, 2009
Resumen
Los bacteriófagos (virus que infectan bacterias) pueden transferir genes entre diferentes especies bacterianas, no sólo dentro de ellas. Este descubrimiento tiene implicaciones significativas para la evolución de los patógenos humanos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Genética La genética.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bacteriófagos suelen infectar a huéspedes bacterianos específicos, lo que lleva a la suposición de que el intercambio genético se limita a la transferencia dentro de la especie.
- Los elementos genéticos móviles, incluidas las islas de patogenicidad, son cruciales para la adaptación bacteriana y la virulencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el potencial para la transferencia de genes entre especies mediada por bacteriófagos.
- Evaluar la frecuencia de transferencia de las islas de patogenicidad estafilocócica en Listeria monocytogenes.
- Explorar las implicaciones del intercambio genético mediado por fagos para la evolución de patógenos.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos experimentales de transducción utilizando fagos estafilococos y Listeria monocytogenes.
- Cuantificación de las frecuencias de transferencia de islas de patogenicidad entre Staphylococcus aureus y L. monocytogenes.
- Modelado de las condiciones de la terapia de fagos en la leche cruda para observar la transferencia entre especies.
Principales resultados:
- Islas de patogenicidad estafilocócica y elementos móviles transferidos a Listeria monocytogenes a altas frecuencias, comparables a la transferencia dentro de la especie.
- Los fagos estafilococos transdujeron con éxito a L. monocytogenes, aunque no se observó la formación de placas.
- La transferencia de islas de patogenicidad entre S. aureus y L. monocytogenes se confirmó en un modelo de leche cruda que simulaba la terapia de fagos.
Conclusiones:
- Los bacteriófagos facilitan un extenso intercambio de información genética entre diferentes especies bacterianas, desafiando las suposiciones anteriores.
- Esta transferencia de genes entre especies mediada por fagos tiene implicaciones significativas para la evolución de los patógenos bacterianos, incluidos los patógenos humanos.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un papel más amplio para los fagos en la evolución y adaptación bacteriana de lo que se reconocía anteriormente.
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