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Determinantes genéticos comunes de la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar en familias suecas: un estudio basado en
Paul Lichtenstein1, Benjamin H Yip, Camilla Björk
1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 20, 2009
Resumen
La esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar comparten factores genéticos comunes, lo que desafía su clasificación distinta. Este estudio pone de relieve las causas genéticas compartidas para estas condiciones psiquiátricas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una reevaluación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
- Genética La genética.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar se debaten como resultados clínicos discretos o compartidos.
- Comprender sus contribuciones genéticas y ambientales es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las contribuciones genéticas y ambientales a la responsabilidad por la esquizofrenia, el trastorno bipolar y su comorbilidad.
- Investigar los procesos causativos compartidos entre estos trastornos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó registros suecos de varias generaciones y registros de alta hospitalaria (1973-2004).
- Se analizaron 9.009.202 individuos en 2 millones de familias nucleares.
- Empleó modelos mixtos lineales generalizados multivariados para evaluar las contribuciones genéticas y ambientales.
Principales resultados:
- Los parientes de primer grado mostraron un mayor riesgo de ambos trastornos.
- Las estimaciones de heredabilidad fueron del 64% para la esquizofrenia y del 59% para el trastorno bipolar.
- La comorbilidad fue impulsada en gran medida por efectos genéticos aditivos compartidos (63%).
Conclusiones:
- La esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar comparten causas genéticas comunes, similares a los hallazgos genéticos moleculares.
- Los resultados desafían la actual separación nosológica de estos trastornos.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la reevaluación de la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar, potencialmente como entidades relacionadas.
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