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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...

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Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties
12:20

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Published on: November 3, 2008

Sensibilidad de la biomembrana a los cambios estructurales en los polímeros unidos.

Alexander A Yaroslavov1, Tatiana A Sitnikova, Anna A Rakhnyanskaya

  • 1Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, RF.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 20, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los polímeros zwitteriónicos interactúan con los liposomas aniónicos, causando reordenamientos lipídicos. La longitud del espaciador del polímero dicta la unión, la adsorción, la segregación de lípidos y los efectos de flip-flop en las formulaciones de liposomas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los liposomas aniónicos son cruciales en los sistemas de administración de fármacos.
  • Los polielectrolitos son ampliamente utilizados en formulaciones biomédicas.
  • Comprender las interacciones polielectrolito-liposoma es clave para la estabilidad y eficacia de la formulación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la interacción entre los liposomas aniónicos y los polímeros zwitteriónicos.
  • Para determinar el efecto de la longitud del espaciador del polímero en la estructura y dinámica del liposoma.
  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos de los reordenamientos moleculares inducidos por polielectrolitos en los liposomas.

Principales métodos:

  • Preparación de liposomas aniónicos con una proporción específica de fosfolípidos.
  • Tratamiento de liposomas con cinco polímeros zwitteriónicos de diferentes longitudes de espaciador.
  • Análisis de la integridad del liposoma, la adsorción, la segregación lipídica y los fenómenos de flip-flop.

Principales resultados:

  • Los polímeros no alteraron la integridad estructural de los liposomas.
  • La longitud del espaciador determinó la unión del polímero y la respuesta del liposoma.
  • Las longitudes de espaciador 1 y 2 no mostraron ninguna o mínima unión/reorganización.
  • Las longitudes de espaciador 3, 4 y 5 indujeron segregación lateral de lípidos y efectos de flip-flop.

Conclusiones:

  • La longitud del espaciador del polímero zwitteriónico es un factor crítico en la modulación del comportamiento del liposoma.
  • Las interacciones dependientes del espaciador pueden conducir a reorganizaciones lipídicas controladas, incluida la segregación y el flip-flop.
  • Los hallazgos son relevantes para el diseño de formulaciones biomédicas avanzadas que utilizan sistemas de polielectrolitos y liposomas.